WHAT IS COVID-19

 





Coronavirus are a family of virus that cause illness such as respiratory issues or gastrointestinal diseases. there are many types of virus and some cause disease. corona virus is a type of virus which is well known from since 2019. a corona virus was identified in 2019 in china SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory issues named as COVID-19.

Coronavirus got their from the way it look under microscope. the virus consist of core genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. this giver it the appearance of a crown. the word corona means "crown" in Latin. 

Coronavirus are zoonotic meaning that the virus are transmitted between animals and humans. it has been determined that MERS-CoV was transmitted from dromedary camels to human and SARS-CoV from civet cats to humans. the source of  the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not determined yet, but the investigations are ongoing to identify the zoonotic source to the outbreak. 


Clinical Presentation

typically coronaviruses present with the respiratory symptoms. among those who will become infected, some will show no symptoms. those who do develop may have a mild to moderate, but self limiting diseases with symptoms similar to seasonal flu. 

Symptoms may include.

  • Respiratory issues 
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Fatigue
  • Sore throat

A small group of people will show with more severe symptoms and will need to be hospitalized most often with pneumonia, and in some instances the illness can include ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. emergency warning signs where immediate medical attention should be sought include:

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath 
  • Persistent pain or pressure in the chest 
  • New confusion or inability to arouse
  • Bluish lips or face


Transmission of COVID-19


Evidence is still emerging but current information is indicating that human to human transmission is occurring. the routes of transmission of COVID-19 remains unclear at present, but evidence from other coronaviruses and respiratory disease indicate that the disease may spread through large respiratory droplets and direct or indirect contact with the infected secretions. air born transmission can occur in crowded places and indoor rooms with poor ventilated, especially infected persons spending a long with others, like shopping mall, restaurant, etc.

Transmission can more easily in the following areas:

  1. Crowded places
  2. Close contact setting
  3. Confined and enclose places with week ventilation
  4. The incubation period of COVID-19 is currently expected to between 2 to 14 days.


Preventing transmission

The WHO suggests the following basic preventative measures to protect against the new coronavirus

  • Stay up to date with the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak.
  • Perform hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
  • Practice respiratory hygiene by coughing or sneezing.
  • Maintain social distancing minimum of 2 meters.



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